{"id":4032,"date":"2020-09-15T08:17:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-15T06:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/?p=4032"},"modified":"2021-09-15T13:11:19","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T11:11:19","slug":"terapie-aba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/2020\/09\/15\/terapie-aba\/","title":{"rendered":"Terapie ABA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4032\" class=\"elementor elementor-4032\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2eaf935 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2eaf935\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c7c5ee\" data-id=\"0c7c5ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d12c58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"2d12c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/HnyYwWlenJg&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7959457 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7959457\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) &#8211; Analiza Aplicat\u00e3 a Comportamentului<\/strong>\u00a0este o tehnic\u0103 folosit\u0103 \u00een tratamentul copiilor diagnostica\u021bi cu autism. \u00cen cadrul prezent\u0103rii acestei metode s-a pornit de la studiul tratament efectuat de Lovaas \u00een 1973, dar care a reflectat o serie de erori ale conceptului. A urmat proiectul UCLA Young Autism din 1987 care a dus la progrese notabile ale aspectelor comportamentale (intelectuale, educa\u021bionale, sociale, emo\u021bionale), pentru ca mai t\u00e2rziu s\u0103 se dezvolte \u0219i s\u0103 fie implementat\u0103 ca metod\u0103 de lucru pentru recuperarea copiilor cu autism.<\/p><p>Metoda ABA este un program de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare, care \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 modifice comportamentul autist al copilului, \u00een mod sistematic \u0219i intensiv, obiectivul final fiind integrarea social\u0103 a copilului. Sistemul are obiective clar formulate, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een sarcini mici, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t evolu\u021bia copilului s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi m\u0103surat\u0103 permanent. \u00cent\u0103rirea comportamentului se face cu recompense, \u00eentreg sistemul func\u021bion\u00e2nd pe baza acestor \u00eent\u0103ritori fie materiali, fie sociali. Programul este foarte strict, iar copilul, este necesar sa fie stimulat pe parcursul \u00eentregii zile. De\u0219i metoda seam\u0103n\u0103 uneori cu un dresaj se pare c\u0103 este singura metod\u0103 cu rezultate semnificative. Din cauza regulilor stricte \u015fi a asem\u0103n\u0103rii cu un program de dresaj, metoda ABA, a fost aspru criticat\u0103. Programul este strict tocmai pentru c\u0103 ace\u0219ti copii au nevoie mai mare de activit\u0103\u021bi stricte, de predictibilitate \u015fi de rutin\u0103.<\/p><p>ABA se bazeaz\u0103 pe observarea comportamentului, recompensare pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i prompt (ajutorul minim dar suficient oferit copilului pentru a \u00eendeplini o sarcin\u0103). Comportamentul unui copil este \u00eent\u0103rit cu o recompens\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd r\u0103spunsul este corect. Comportamentele nedorite sau cele care interfereaz\u0103 cu \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea abilit\u0103\u021bilor sociale sunt observate cu aten\u021bie. Scopul este determinarea trigger-ului (factor declan\u0219ator) pentru comportamentul respectiv, precum \u0219i observarea a ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dup\u0103 manifestarea acelui comportament,ce anume \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te comportamentul respectiv.<\/p><p>ABA este \u0219tiin\u021ba comportamentului uman.<\/p><p>Analiza comportamental\u0103 aplicat\u0103 este un proces de interven\u021bie sistematic\u0103 bazat pe teoriile \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii, care are drept scop dezvoltarea unor noi comportamente.<\/p><p><strong>Metoda ABA ajut\u0103 copiii cu autism \u00een:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>cre\u0219terea comportamentelor dezirabile (ex.comunicare);<\/li><li>predarea noilor abilit\u0103\u021bi;<\/li><li>men\u021binerea unui comportament (\u00eenv\u0103\u021barea autocontrolului);<\/li><li>generalizarea sau transferul comportamentelor \u00eenv\u0103\u021bate;<\/li><li>restr\u00e2ngerea factorilor de mediu care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra copilului c\u00e2nd \u00eenva\u021b\u0103;<\/li><li>reducerea comportamentelor nedorite (agresivitatea, autoagresivitatea, stereotipii, autostimul\u0103ri).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Descrierea principiilor analizei comportamentale aplicate:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Rela\u021bia dintre comportamente \u0219i mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor este descris\u0103 de principiile condi\u021bion\u0103rii operante care are 3 componente:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>ANTECEDENT<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 situa\u021bia \u00een care a ap\u0103rut comportamentul respectiv;<\/p><p><strong>COMPORTAMENT<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ac\u021biunea \u00eentreprins\u0103 ca reac\u021bie la antecedent;<\/p><p><strong>CONSECIN\u021a\u0102<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat imediat dup\u0103 apari\u021bia comportamentului<\/p><p><strong>Terminologia specific\u0103 terapiei ABA<\/strong><\/p><p>Terapia ABA presupune utilizarea unei terminologii specifice: discrete trial, target, sitting, sesiune, r\u0103spuns (R), receptiv, stimul recompens\u0103 (SR), random rotation (RR) , stimul prompt (SP), program, distractor neutru, masterat, mass trial, item , extinc\u021bie, intervalul inter-trial-uri, format, expresiv, trial-uri extinse, stimul discriminativ(SD), \u00eenv\u0103\u0163area discrimin\u0103rii, trial-uri \u00een bloc, recompens\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103, achizi\u021bie.<\/p><p><strong>Concluzii \u0219i avantaje ale terapiei Aba<\/strong><\/p><p>Prin intermediul terapiei comportamentale, copiii cu autism pot fi recupera\u021bi pentru a \u00eentelege \u00een anumite limite lumea \u00een care tr\u0103im, pentru a fi capabili s\u0103 rela\u021bioneze, s\u0103 comunice cu cei din jur, pentru a-\u0219i exprima verbal dorin\u021bele \u0219i nevoile. Aceast\u0103 terapie este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se \u00eenceap\u0103 de la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 mic\u0103, iar p\u0103rin\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 se implice \u00een programul de recuperare \u0219i de asemenea s\u0103 se urmeze corect programul de terapie. Programul se face individual \u00een func\u021bie de abilit\u0103\u021bile copilului, deoarece de\u0219i au acela\u0219i diagnostic, necesit\u0103 o interven\u021bie special\u0103 \u0219i individualizat\u0103 aplicat\u0103 pentru fiecare.<\/p><p><strong>C\u00e2teva din avantajele terapiei Aba sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>autoservirea independen\u0163a<\/li><li>\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irea semnificativ\u0103 a IQ-ului, performan\u0163elor academice \u015fi competen\u0163elor lingvistice<\/li><li>men\u0163inerea unei igiene adecvate<\/li><li>cre\u015fterea num\u0103rului de achizi\u0163ii din punct de vedere cognitiv \u015fi comportamental<\/li><li>\u00eembr\u0103catul \u015fi dezbr\u0103catul corespunz\u0103tor<\/li><li>asimilarea a diverse cuno\u015ftin\u0163e (mai ales a celor utile \u015fi func\u0163ionale)<\/li><li>acumularea de informa\u0163ii de natur\u0103 social\u0103<\/li><li>generalizarea achizi\u0163iilor \u00een orice mediu \u015fi \u00een orice situa\u0163ie<\/li><li>consolidarea abilit\u0103\u0163ilor de limbaj<\/li><li>diminuarea comportamentelor nedorite (autostimulari, comportamente agresive, stereotipii etc.)<\/li><li>ameliorarea problemelor de motricitate fin\u0103 \u015fi grosier\u0103<\/li><li>recunoa\u015fterea \u015fi numirea obiectelor din jur, a persoanelor, ac\u0163iunilor, loca\u0163iilor, emo\u0163iilor etc<\/li><li>povestirea propriilor experien\u0163e<\/li><li>sortarea a diverse obiecte<\/li><li>cunoa\u015fterea a diferite tipuri de categorii.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) &#8211; Analiza Aplicat\u00e3 a Comportamentului&nbsp;este o tehnic\u0103 folosit\u0103 \u00een tratamentul copiilor diagnostica\u021bi cu autism. \u00cen cadrul prezent\u0103rii acestei metode s-a pornit de la studiul tratament efectuat de Lovaas \u00een 1973, dar care a reflectat o serie de erori ale conceptului. A urmat proiectul UCLA Young Autism din 1987 care a dus [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tipuri-de-terapie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4032"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4038,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032\/revisions\/4038"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autismhope.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}